What right involves being made aware of risks and benefits before giving permission?

The correct choice is the right to informed consent. This right emphasizes the necessity for individuals to be fully informed about the potential risks and benefits associated with a particular treatment or procedure before they agree to it. Informed consent is fundamental in healthcare and other fields because it empowers individuals to make educated decisions regarding their own care and ensures that they understand what they are consenting to. This process typically includes a clear explanation of what the treatment involves, alternatives that are available, and possible side effects or complications.

In contrast, the rights to privacy, refuse treatment, and legal representation address different aspects of individual autonomy and legal protections. The right to privacy focuses on the confidentiality of personal information, the right to refuse treatment allows individuals to decline medical procedures, and the right to legal representation ensures access to legal counsel. While these rights are important in their own contexts, they do not specifically pertain to the process of obtaining consent based on an understanding of risks and benefits.