What should be specified to establish an effective random reinforcement schedule?

To establish an effective random reinforcement schedule, it is crucial to specify the expectation and the corresponding reinforcer. This means clearly outlining what behavior is being reinforced and the rewards associated with that behavior. This clarity helps individuals understand what is expected of them and what they can gain from meeting those expectations.

When expectations and reinforcers are well-defined, it increases the likelihood of the desired behavior being repeated. Random reinforcement schedules can be particularly effective because they create unpredictability in the timing of rewards, which can maintain and strengthen behavior over time. This approach keeps individuals engaged and motivated, as they do not know when they will be rewarded, thus enhancing the learning process.

In contrast to this, other factors such as the time observed, punishment for misbehavior, and the duration of the observation period are less critical in establishing the reinforcement schedule itself. While these elements may play roles in behavior management or observation strategies, they do not directly address the core framework needed for implementing an effective random reinforcement system.