When implementing differential reinforcement, which type of behavior is suggested to focus on?

Focusing on a behavior that is impossible or very difficult to perform simultaneously with the challenging behavior is fundamental in the practice of differential reinforcement. This approach helps to reduce undesired behaviors by identifying and reinforcing an alternative behavior that cannot occur at the same time as the undesired behavior. The idea is that by promoting the alternative behavior, the chances of the challenging behavior occurring diminish.

For instance, if a child is exhibiting aggressive behavior, teaching and reinforcing a calming strategy, such as deep breathing or using words to express feelings, can create a situation where the child cannot engage in aggression while practicing that calming strategy. This dual emphasis on positivity and replacement is what makes the strategy effective in behavior modification.

The other options do not align with the key principles of differential reinforcement as effectively. For example, behaviors that are easy to perform may not necessarily serve as a strong replacement and might not be incompatible with the challenging behavior. Focusing on a behavior known to everyone doesn’t guarantee that it will effectively replace the undesired behavior, as familiarity doesn’t equate to effectiveness. Lastly, any behavior currently displayed might not lead to meaningful behavior change or the reduction of the undesired behaviors. Instead, it is crucial to identify specific behaviors that provide a practical and achievable alternative.